Hendersonville Vaccine Awareness Network

A: Founded in 1982 by parents of vaccine injured children, NVIC is the oldest and largest consumer-led non-profit educational organization working to prevent vaccine injuries and deaths and protect the right to informed consent to vaccination.

NVIC co-founders worked with Congress on the historic National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986 and were responsible for safety and research provisions in the law. Under the law, doctors must give parents vaccine benefit and risk information before vaccinating children; report and record serious health problems following vaccination and keep a written record of the manufacturer�s name and lot number of all vaccines given.

BACK

What is NVIC�s mission?

A: Known as "America�s Vaccine Safety Watchdog�with a long public record of consumer advocacy work, NVIC�s mission is to prevent vaccine injuries and deaths through public education and to defend the human right to voluntary, informed consent to vaccination.

For more than a quarter century, NVIC has defined and led the vaccine safety and freedom movement, calling for reform of the mass vaccination system including (1) higher federal standards for proof of new vaccine safety and efficacy; (2) scientific research into the biological mechanisms of vaccine induced brain and immune system dysfunction; (3) revision of one-size-fits-all vaccine policies to acknowledge biodiversity and identify high risk factors for adverse responses to vaccines among individuals and (4) institution of informed consent protections in state vaccine laws.

BACK

Is NVIC anti-vaccine?

A: No, NVIC is pro-education and pro-choice. NVIC supports the availability of the safest and most technologically advanced vaccines as an affordable health care option for all who choose to vaccinate. NVIC opposes forced vaccination and disseminates information empowering citizens to work for the expansion of medical exemptions, protection of the religious exemption and institution of conscientious belief exemption to vaccination in all state vaccine laws.

BACK

Is NVIC a non-profit organization?

A: Yes, NVIC is a 501(c)3 charitable educational organization. NVIC is audited annually and is a designated charity of the United Way of the National Capital Area.

BACK

Are donations to NVIC tax-deductible?

A: NVIC is a charitable 501(c)3 organization and charitable donations are tax-deductible as provided under the law. NVIC is supported by contributions, many of which are made by parents of vaccine-injured children as well as families with healthy children and health care professionals, who support the right to make informed, voluntary vaccination decisions.

BACK

Does NVIC get money from the government or pharmaceutical companies?

A: NVIC does not receive pharmaceutical industry or government funding. NVIC is primarily supported by individuals who make donations of between $25 and $1,000 per year. In 2007, NVIC received a $75,000 grant from the Albert and Claire Dwoskin Foundation.

BACK

How does NVIC inform the public about vaccination?

A:. Since 1982, NVIC has been the leading consumer voice in the vaccine safety and informed consent debate, providing clear, consistent and responsible framing of the most critical issues involved in the science, policy, law and ethics of mass vaccination..

NVIC is �America�s Vaccine Safety Watchdog� and monitors vaccine research, development, regulation, policymaking, and legislation from its Washington, D.C. area headquarters while working to make vaccine safety and protection of the human right to informed consent to vaccination a national health policy priority in America.

NVIC maintains the oldest and most influential consumer operated vaccine information website on the Internet at www.NVIC.org (also www.909shot.com). NVIC�s website often comes up number 1 or 2 on many Google searches for vaccine information.

NVIC conducts original research and analysis and publishes insightful commentary for the public on breaking news about infectious diseases and vaccine development, regulation, policymaking, law, and legislation through the weekly NVIC Vaccine E-Newsletter and blogging at www.VaccineAwakening.blogspot.com. To sign up for the NVIC Vaccine E-Newsletter, go to: http://visitor.constantcontact.com/
optin.jsp?v=0018GC6MpVjY0SMRqdM9qSOynOSojrs_mq3

NVIC has operated a Vaccine Reaction Registry since 1982 and has provided counseling to parents who report vaccine reactions, injuries and deaths and want more information about how to prevent vaccine reactions. To make a vaccine reaction report, go to http://www.NVIC.org/vaers.aspx.

NVIC also operates a Memorial for Vaccine Victims at www.VaccineMemorial.org that gives an opportunity for those, who have been affected by a vaccine injury or death, to post a public report with a photo and description of what happened. The Memorial is a searchable database.

In 2008, NVIC launched a national Stand Up! Be Counted.campaign to end forced vaccination in America. For more information, go to www.StandUpBeCounted.org

NVIC has sponsored public conferences on vaccination and will hold the Fourth International Public Conference on Vaccination Oct. 2-4, 2009 in Reston, Virginia.

BACK

What is NVIC�s operational structure?

A: NVIC has a small paid staff and management team supplemented by volunteers who report to a Board of Directors headed by NVIC President Barbara Loe Fisher. NVIC has a Medical Advisory Board of scientific and medical professionals.

BACK

Does NVIC need volunteers?

A: Yes, NVIC is always looking for volunteers to help with our website, information campaigns, projects, and special events. If you want to volunteer for NVIC, email Paul at paulNVIC@gmail.com

BACK

What is NVIC�s Vision for the Future?

A: NVIC is increasing its citizen donor base seeking philanthropic foundation support to launch a national advertising and public education campaign about vaccination and the need to protect the legal right to make informed, voluntary vaccine decisions. NVIC�s goal is to inform and empower all Americans with vaccine information that will prevent vaccine injuries and deaths and protect vaccine choices.

BACK

NVIC: Becoming a Member

I would like to become a member of NVIC and donate. How do I do this?

A: NVIC welcomes new members and puts every donation to good use to further the mission of preventing vaccine harm and promoting vaccine choice. The easiest way to become a member and donate is to go to www.NVIC.org or www.StandUpBeCounted.org and click on the �Support NVIC" button or click

This web-based donation system accepts credit card donations. NVIC has partnered with Groundspring.org to facilitate your secure online credit card transaction. Alternatively, on the top left corner of the homepage at www.NVIC.org you can click on �Donate� and complete the on-line credit card form. Otherwise, donations can be mailed to::

National Vaccine Information Center
407-H Church Street, SW
Vienna, VA 22180

NVIC accepts checks and credit cards. Donations can be made in a lump sum or divided into monthly installments.

NVIC is grateful for donations of any amount. NVIC is a 501(c)3 non-profit organization and donations are tax-deductible in accordance with IRS law.

BACK

NVIC: Contact & Product Information

How do I contact the National Vaccine Information Center?

A: The mailing address for NVIC is:

National Vaccine Information Center
407-H Street
Vienna, VA 22180

The phone and fax numbers are:
703-938-0342 (phone)
703-938-5768 (fax)

Website for NVIC is: http://www.NVIC.org

Website address for the Stand Up! Be Counted.campaign is:
www.StandUpBeCounted.org

Website for the International Memorial for Vaccine Victimsis:
www.VaccineMemorial.org

Website address for the Military and Biodefense Vaccine Project is:
http://www.military-biodefensevaccines.org

Email address is: NVICinfo@gmail.com

Please Note: Due to the high volume of telephone calls and email requests for information, NVIC is not able to answer all inquiries and must give priority to responding to reports of serious vaccine reactions and deaths. This website contains information on vaccines, vaccine reactions, state laws pertaining to exemptions and many other topics which may answer your questions.

BACK

How can I contact NVIC with my questions and concerns?

A: NVIC is a small charitable educational organization. If you cannot find the information you need in the Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ's) document or on the website, the first step in speaking with a staff member is to send an email to help@NVIC.org with your request.

We regret that we cannot return most calls for general information. Our small staff prioritizes our time and work so we can first assist families reporting acute and recent vaccine reactions, injuries and deaths and families facing harassment, including expulsion from school or other sanctions when making vaccination choices.

BACK

How do I contact Barbara Loe Fisher or another member of the staff to request an interview or to speak at a conference?

A: For requests related to speaking at a conference, please submit the request in writing to NVICinfo@gmail.com. For urgent requests for interviews from newspapers or broadcast media, please call 703-938-0342. For all other interview requests, please submit them in writing to NVICinfo@gmail.com

BACK

Can you please send me a copy of �Ask Eight, Before You Vaccinate�?

A: A list of 8 questions to ask before vaccinating entitled �Ask Eight, Before You Vaccinate� can be found in English and Spanish at the bottom of the home page www.NVIC.org and may be reproduced with attribution given to the National Vaccine Information Center:

1. Is my child sick right now?
2. Has my child had a bad reaction to a vaccination before?
3. Does my child have a personal or family history of:

vaccine reactions
convulsions or neurological disorders
severe allergies
immune system disorders

4. Do I know if my child is at high risk of reacting?
5. Do I know how to identify a vaccine reaction?
6. Do I know how to report a vaccine reaction?
7. Do I know the vaccine manufacturer's name and lot number?
8. Do I know I have a choice?

BACK

I would like to request copies of brochures or other materials. What should I do?

A: For copies of the Vaccine Safety Bulletin �48 Doses of 14 Vaccines Before Age 6,� Flu Prevention Tips and HPV & Gardasil Facts, please send a note to NVICinfo@gmail.com with your name, address and request. Copies of the Vaccine Safety Bulletin brochures are priced at 25 cents each.

BACK

Can you please send me a specific video, book or document?

A: NVIC offers vaccine education videos and books when making a donation to NVIC through www.StandUpBeCounted.org. A list of books can be found on the www.NVIC.org website, which can be ordered through Amazon.com.

BACK

I am looking for educational materials in Spanish?

A: NVIC provides on the website �Ask Eight, Before You Vaccinate� in Spanish http://www.NVIC.org/askeightsp.htm. Other materials are available from the CDC http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/spec-grps/sp.htm.
BACK

NVIC: How to Update Personal Contact Information

My contact information has changed. How do I update my information so I can continue to get information from NVIC?

A: Please send an email to NVICinfo@gmail.com with your old and new information (name, address, email and telephone numbers) and the NVIC database will be updated.

To receive the NVIC Vaccine E-Newsletter or update your email address in order to receive the E-newsletter, go to www.NVIC.org.

BACK

NVIC: Questions Parents Ask Most Frequently
(topics in alphabetical order)

Adoption

If I adopt a baby from a country outside the United States, will the vaccine exemptions I have applied for in my state be honored?

A: In most state vaccine laws there is a provision that, in the event of an outbreak of a disease for which your child has not been vaccinated, you must keep your child at home until a certain amount of time has passed. This could be several weeks or more.

BACK

Child Custody & Divorce

My spouse and I decided not to vaccinate our child. We have now decided to divorce and my spouse wants to vaccinate our child. What can I do? Can the court require that I vaccinate our child?

A: This is a difficult situation and qualified legal counsel is needed to assist in resolving the dispute. In general, it is best if both parties can negotiate a reasonable vaccination plan, which recognizes potential risks to the child�s health and respects both parents concerns and personal beliefs. NVIC does not provide testimony or documents in custody or divorce proceedings.

For children, who have previously experienced vaccine reactions and have a medical waiver on file, it is very important to work with a qualified and trusted health care professional who can help determine what course of action should be taken. If, however, children were previously unvaccinated due to deeply and sincerely held religious beliefs or for reasons of conscience, it will be important for the parents to respectfully negotiate vaccination decisions for their children.

BACK

Exemptions to Vaccination

I need information about the exemptions to vaccination requirements permitted by my state. Where do I get the information?

A: Please go to NVIC�s website - www.NVIC.org - and on the top menu of the homepage is a section titled �Vaccine Laws.� The type of exemption(s) permitted by your state are identified at http://NVIC.org/Vaccine-Laws/state-vaccine-requirements.aspx.

All states permit a medical exemption to vaccination if a child�s health is determined to be at risk if one or more vaccines are given. Medical exemptions must be written by a licensed medical doctor (M.D.) or doctor of osteopathy (D.O.) and, in some states, state health department and education officials may reject a medical exemption if it does not conform to contraindication guidelines issued by the federal Centers for Disease Control.

Most states permit exemption to vaccination requirements on the basis of deeply and sincerely held religious beliefs (except West Virginia and Mississippi). Less than half of the states permit exemption to vaccination requirements for personal, philosophical or conscientiously held beliefs.

Although NVIC continually updates the Vaccine Law portion of the website, state laws and rules change frequently and the website content may not reflect all recent changes to laws.

BACK

I want to submit a letter stating that I object to use of vaccines on the basis of my religious beliefs. Does NVIC have a template or boilerplate letter that I can use?

A: No, NVIC does not provide such letters and does not encourage use of such letters. If you want to file an exemption on the basis of religious beliefs, it is important that you carefully review the vaccine laws of your state and follow the requirements. You do not have to belong to an organized religion or church which has a written tenet opposing vaccination to file and receive a religious exemption to vaccination.

However, you should be able to articulate in your own words why your sincerely held religious or spiritual beliefs do not allow you to vaccinate your child with one or more vaccines. Sometimes obtaining a letter from your spiritual advisor attesting to your sincerity of your religious beliefs about vaccination is helpful, as well.

BACK

Can NVIC provide me the form to file for a religious or philosophical exemption to vaccination?

A: NVIC does not routinely collect waiver forms or send them out electronically. Under some state law information provided at http://NVIC.org/Vaccine-Laws/state-vaccine-requirements.aspx, a link to the applicable religious and philosophical belief exemptions forms are provided along with other information about your state�s vaccine laws.

BACK

My child has not been vaccinated for chickenpox. I was contacted by the school and because of a suspected outbreak of chicken pox and told that my children have to stay home from school. Can the school do that?

My child is partially vaccinated and I do not want to give my child additional vaccines. What can I do to prove that my child is immune to the diseases that the state says are require?

A: Some parents of partially vaccinated children, who decide not to further vaccinate their children, opt to have antibody titers checked to determine if booster shots are needed or whether proof of immunity exists and booster shots are not required.

Laboratories can perform blood tests to determine if there are enough antibodies to demonstrate immunity to some diseases such as measles or whooping cough. A blood test that measures antibody levels can cost $55 or more. A doctor�s order for the blood test is generally required.

However not all state school systems will take proof of immunity demonstrated by antibody titer tests as a reason to not vaccinate. Again, it is important to be familiar with the laws in your state, which can be found on NVIC�s website:
http://www.NVIC.org/Vaccine-Laws/state-vaccine-requirements.aspx

BACK

Do private schools have to honor the vaccine exemptions that are permitted by state law?

A: No, private educational and childcare institutions including daycare, preschools, elementary through high schools, vocational schools and colleges do not necessarily have to honor the non-medical exemptions permitted by state laws and honored by public schools funded by tax dollars.

The first step in determining whether the private educational institution will accept non-medical exemptions is to request a copy of their health policy and procedures relating to vaccination requirements. Often, private educational institutions that receive funding from the state will accept students with non-medical exemptions but this is not always the case, particularly if the course of study involves medical education programs such as nursing, dentistry or other health fields.

BACK

I have not fully vaccinated my child. Will this affect my child�s ability to attend daycare or preschool?

A: Most daycare and preschools require proof of vaccination. If they are private non-public organizations, generally speaking, they are not required by law to accept non-medical vaccination exemption waivers. Additionally, some states have laws that apply to private daycare and preschools. Please check your state�s law to determine whether it has provisions that apply to the pre-school setting http://www.NVIC.org/Vaccine-Laws/state-vaccine-requirements.aspx.

BACK

I object on religious grounds to use of vaccines that were grown on cell lines derived from aborted fetal material. Must our Catholic school accept our religious exemption for these vaccines?

A: Private schools that do not receive government funding, including religious institutions, do not have to accept non-medical waivers. Some Catholic schools do not accept exemptions based on religion even for vaccines that were developed using fetal cell lines. The policy of the specific school is often set by the local Diocese. As an official matter, the Vatican has ruled that use of aborted fetal cell lines in vaccines is not a basis for a church-based policy requiring use of a religious waiver to vaccination.

However, in Catholic canon, there is language which pertains to the duty of every human being to �always obey the certain judgment of his conscience.� If you are Catholic, you may want to discuss this issue with a priest.

BACK

I�m trying to find a lawyer who specializes in vaccine exemption law. Can NVIC recommend a lawyer?

A: There are a number of lawyers and law firms specializing in bringing vaccine injury claims before the U.S. Court of Claims under the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act�s Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. However, it is difficult to find a lawyer who will assist parents in filing or defending a medical, religious or conscientious belief exemption to state vaccine laws.

The systematic rejection of vaccine exemptions by state government officials (such as in New Jersey and New York) is a relatively recent development. As more citizens are unable to obtain medical, religious and conscientious belief exemptions to vaccine laws, there will undoubtedly be more lawyers specializing in this type of law.

On NVIC�s website at www.NVIC.org there is a list of lawyers who have made their names available to NVIC. NVIC provides this list as a public service and does not take responsibility for the accuracy or quality of work provided by the attorneys listed on the website.

BACK

Harassment for Making Vaccine Choices

I was told that if I did not get all of my child�s vaccines according to the schedule that I would have to find a new pediatrician. Is this legal?

A: NVIC is contacted every day by parents who, for various reasons, want to vaccinate their children using a vaccination schedule that does not conform to the vaccination schedule recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). Many are being told by their pediatricians to either find a new pediatrician or to sign a �refusal to vaccinate� form (NVIC does not advise signing the form. It will become a part of the legal record and is not required by law).

Pediatricians differ on whether this is an appropriate response to parents. Some feel that it is better to keep in their practice parents who have questions about vaccines and want to make vaccine decisions that do not conform to AAP and CDC recommendations. Other pediatricians have a �zero-tolerance� policy for non-compliance.

Although throwing a family out of a pediatric practice may be legal, it raises serious ethical and medical questions that contribute to parental fear and distrust of pediatricians. Parents faced with these situations will need to find a pediatrician, family practice physician or other qualified health professional who respects their right to become vaccine educated and make voluntary vaccination decisions.

Parents should understand that not all pediatricians believe that strict adherence to the CDC recommended vaccination schedule is in the child�s best interest. Even so, it can be very difficult to find pediatricians who are willing to be flexible and work with parents because there is strong peer pressure among doctors to conform to policy promoted by medical organizations, such as the AAP and AMA, and government health officials.

In addition to finding a new pediatrician, NVIC encourages parents who have been kicked out of a pediatric practice to file a Harassment Report with NVIC at https://www.NVIC.org/Forms/VaccineHarassmentQuestionnaire.aspx.
BACK

Informed Consent

What is informed consent and how does it apply to vaccination?

A: Informed consent has been the central ethical principle of the practice of modern medicine since the Nuremberg Code was issued by the Nuremberg Tribunal after World War II. Although the Nuremberg Code specifically addressed the human right for human beings to give their voluntary informed consent to participate in scientific experiments, the First Principle of the Nuremberg Code has become an ethical standard for allowing patients to give their voluntary consent to engage in medical interventions that carry a risk of harm.

The first principle of the Nuremberg Code includes the following language:

�The voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essential. This means that the person involved should have legal capacity to give consent, should be so situated as to be able to exercise free power of choice, without the intervention of any element of force, fraud, deceit, duress, overreaching or other ulterior form of constraint or coercion; and should have sufficient knowledge and comprehension of the elements of the subject matter involved as to enable him to make an understanding and enlightened decision�..�

This informed consent principle has been embraced by enlightened physicians, hospitals, HMO�s and medical researchers to protect the right of patients and their guardians to voluntarily accept or decline medical interventions, including testing, use of prescription drugs and surgery that involve a risk of injury or death.

Vaccination is a medical intervention that carries a risk of injury or death, which is greater for some than others. Therefore, the right to voluntary, informed consent to vaccination can be considered a human right.

As your child�s legal guardian, you are responsible for your child�s health and well being. You have the responsibility to become fully informed about vaccines and you should have the right make voluntary choices about whether or not to risk your life or your child�s life with a vaccine or any other procedure a medical doctor recommends.

If you, as a parent, are concerned that continuing vaccination would harm your child and a doctor is insisting more vaccines be given without your voluntary consent, you should contact another trusted health care professional for a second opinion. If your child has experienced health deterioration after previous vaccinations, it is important listen to your parental instincts and be totally comfortable with a vaccination decision for your child before proceeding with more vaccination.

The more educated you become about vaccines, the more empowered you will become and the better able you will be to stand up for your right to informed consent to medical risk taking.

BACK

Immigration

I am immigrating to the United States. My children have either already been vaccinated or the US is requiring vaccines that weren�t previously required and I don�t want to give the additional vaccines. What are my legal rights?

A: NVIC recognizes these concerns but is not in a position to comment on specific requirements related to immigration to the US from various countries. Those seeking to immigrate may want to get legal advice from an attorney. Immigration requirements are difficult to challenge and could pose risks to successful immigration. Many immigrants are required to get all CDC-recommended and age-appropriate vaccines.

BACK

International Memorial for Vaccine Victims

What is the International Memorial for Vaccine Victims?

A: The International Memorial for Vaccine Victims (www.VaccineMemorial.org) is a virtual memorial created and maintained by the National Vaccine Information Center (NVIC) dedicated to those whose lives have been forever changed by vaccines they were often required by law to use.

NVIC created the Memorial to honor individuals who have been harmed by vaccines. The Memorial also offers families around the world the opportunity to post stories and photos about what happened to their loved ones so that others can become educated about the signs and symptoms of vaccine reactions.

BACK

How do I view or post a reaction to the Memorial??

A: Go to the www.VaccineMemorial.org and click the �search memorial� button on the left and the Memorial can be searched by country, state, vaccine, primary reaction and last name. To post a story with or without photos, follow the directions for posting.

All identifying information you provide when you register to post an entry will remain confidential. It will never be shared with third parties.

You may be contacted by NVIC which maintains the Memorial if there are any questions about the vaccine reaction you submitted for posting. NVIC will review all entries submitted for the Memorial and reserves the right to accept or decline any entry submitted for posting.

BACK

Mercury in Vaccines

Is it true that all the mercury has been removed from vaccines?

A: Even though most of the vaccines routinely administered to infants in the United States no longer contain more than trace amounts of ethyl mercury in the form of thimerosal, the entire vaccine supply is not thimerosal-free. The most notable exception to this is the influenza (flu) vaccine. Most, but not all, influenza vaccine still contains thimerosal.

The name of vaccines that contain significant amounts of thimerosal and the doses can be found at the following websites: http://www.fda.gov/CBER/vaccine/thimerosal.htm#t2 and http://www.vaccinesafety.edu/thi-table.htm.

Thimerosal-containing vaccines and the amounts of ethyl mercury in each that are available for use in the United States include: Fluzone (25 mcg), Flulaval (25 mcg), Afluria (25 mcg), Fluvirin (25 mcg), MENOMUNE (25 mcg), tetanus toxoid adsorbed (all brands) (25 mcg), DTP (all products) (25 mcg), DT (multi-dose) (25 mcg), Td (Mass Public Health) (8.3 mcg), and Japanese Encephalitis (17.5 mcg). Additionally, vaccines containing trace amounts include: DTaP (Tripedia) (3 mcg), DT (single dose) (3 mcg), Td (Decavac) (3 mcg), HepA/HepB (Twinrix) (1 mcg), Fluvirin (preservative-free) (less than 1 mcg) and Fluarix (less than 1 mcg).

Manufacturers began voluntarily removing thimerosal from pediatric vaccines around 2000. It is assumed that most pediatric vaccines containing thimerosal were �off the shelves� by 2003. (No vaccines were recalled.) Even so, most infants are still routinely given thimerosal-containing influenza vaccine even though there are thimerosal-free and trace-thimerosal preparations available. Those who receive a thimerosal-containing influenza vaccine are dosed at 6 months with 12.5 mcg of ethyl mercury and at 7 months with an additional 12.5 mcg.

Depending on the vaccines administered, at six months of age, infants today born to mothers who received flu vaccine during pregnancy could receive up to 71 mcg of ethyl mercury compared to 187.5 mcg prior to efforts to decrease the amount of thimerosal in infant vaccines. Additionally, the new CDC guidelines recommend that all children from 2 to 5 years of age receive an annual influenza vaccine. As a result, the total amount of thimerosal given to children under 5 years of age is almost what it was prior to 2000.

There are other sources of mercury exposure in infants. Specifically, it should be recognized that influenza vaccine recommended for pregnant women and some rhogam preparations contain ethyl mercury in the form of thimerosal. Total mercury burden include other sources including dental amalgams (silver fillings), food especially some types of fish, and air pollution from coal-fired power plants and wildfires.

BACK

How much thimerosal is there in a specific vaccine?

A: Thimerosal content in vaccines can be found at the FDA and Johns Hopkins Institute for Vaccine Safety websites: http://www.fda.gov/CBER/vaccine/thimerosal.htm#t2 http://www.vaccinesafety.edu/thi-table.htm.

Should I be concerned about the amount of mercury in the flu and other recommended vaccines? Should I go out of my way to find a thimerosal-free flu shot?

A: This concern was addressed in a letter published by the journal Pediatrics on March 13, 2008. http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/eletters/121/3/621#36839. As noted in the letter, parents and pregnant women may want to consider the following data and make an informed decision.

0.5 parts per billion (ppb) mercury = Kills human neuroblastoma cells (Parran et al., Toxicol Sci 2005; 86: 132-140).
2 ppb mercury = U.S. EPA limit for drinking water. http://www.epa.gov/safewater/contaminants/index.html#mcls
20 ppb mercury = Neurite membrane structure destroyed (Leong et al., Neuroreport 2001; 12: 733-37).
200 ppb mercury = level in liquid the EPA classifies as hazardous waste. http://www.epa.gov/mercury/exposure.htm
25,000 ppb mercury = Concentration of mercury in the Hepatitis B vaccine, administered at birth in the U.S., from 1990-2001.
50,000 ppb Mercury = Concentration of mercury in multi-dose DTaP and Haemophilus B vaccine vials, administered 4 times each in the 1990's to children at 2, 4, 6, 12 and 18 months of age.
50,000 ppb Mercury = Current "preservative" level mercury in multi-dose flu (94% of supply), meningococcal and tetanus (7 and older) vaccines. This can be confirmed by simply analyzing the multi- dose vials.

BACK

Where can I find a thimerosal-free flu shot?

A: NVIC does not maintain a list of places that stock mercury-free flu shots. We recommend that you call doctor�s offices and public health clinics.

BACK

Military Personnel Vaccine Concerns

My spouse is in the military. What are our rights regarding vaccine exemptions for my children who will be in daycare?

A: Family members of military personnel: If you are a military dependant (beneficiary) and use military medical facilities, Tri-Care Services and/or Military Child Care, you must comply with the DOD policies contained in Joint Air Force, Army, Navy, and Coast Guard publication (AR 40�562, BUMEDINST 6230.15A, AFJI 48�110, CG COMDTINST M6230.4F) update released 29 September 2006. (http://www.vaccines.mil/documents/969r40_562.pdf). It is further explained at http://www.vaccines.mil/default.aspx?
cnt=adverseEvents/ adverseEventsHome

A request for a waiver can be made based on conditions such as those described below. Family members receive vaccinations according to current ACIP recommendations. The ACIP recommendations are outlined on the CDC�s website (http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/) or the Military Vaccine Office website (http://www.vaccines.mil). In addition, family members may be subject to U.S. Armed Services � specific requirements/recommendations for vaccinations which apply to the foreign country in which they will live when accompanying military service members under military sponsorship.

DoD policy is that Military Departments will use the first-available vaccine doses to preserve operational effectiveness, and protect the most vulnerable populations by vaccinating military units that are deployed or will deploy, and other DoD personnel that represent or support critical missions, as well as high risk groups listed in the most current recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (published in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report): �Military Departments will implement the recommendations in order to immunize all children from six months to 18 years of age. Military Departments will also follow Health Affairs Policy 08-005, "Policy for Mandatory Seasonal Influenza Immunization for Civilian Health Care Personnel Who Provide Direct Patient Care in Department of Defense Military Treatment Facilities," (April 4, 2008).

The Military Vaccine (MILVAX) Agency provides guidance on vaccine policy, education, and training. The DoD Vaccine Healthcare Centers (VHC) Network offers clinical guidance and case management for potential vaccine adverse events.

Recommended Screening Procedures contained in the HEADQUARTERS, US ARMY MEDICAL COMMAND, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234-6007, 262000Q AUG 08, OPERATIONS ORDER 08-67 (2008-2009 Influenza Vaccine Immunization Program) are:

Immunization clinics and soldier readiness processing sites will screen all personnel receiving influenza vaccinations according to package insert information to identify if contraindications to immunization exist.
Influenza vaccine should not be administered to people known to have hypersensitivity (e.g., allergic reactions including anaphylaxis) to eggs (e.g., hives, swelling of the lips or tongue, acute respiratory distress or collapse) or to other components of the influenza vaccine without first consulting a physician. Allergy to influenza vaccine should not be confused with mild systemic reactions characterized by fever, malaise, myalgia, and headache.
People with acute febrile illness should not be vaccinated until their symptoms have resolved. However, minor illness with or without fever are not contraindications to the vaccine, particularly among children with mild upper respiratory tract infection or allergic rhinitis.
Flumist� is a live, attenuated influenza vaccine and should not be
u sed in pregnant women or children under years of age. ACIP recommends that women who may become pregnant during influenza season be vaccinated with inactivated influenza vaccine.
Individuals with asthma or recurrent wheezing, altered immunocompetence or prior history of Guillain-Barr� Syndrome, should be carefully evaluated for the potential risks versus benefits prior to being immunized with any influenza product. See package inserts located at www.vaccines.mil.
Adverse reactions. Local swelling, soreness at the injection site and headache are common side effects that are self-limiting, resolve quickly, and do not constitute an allergic reaction. Soreness at the immunization site lasting up to 2 days, fever, malaise, myalgia and other systemic symptoms may occur. These begin 6-12 hours after immunization and can persist for 1-2 days. Immediate allergic reactions including hives, angioedema, allergic asthma, and systemic anaphylaxis are rare.

Military personnel can report known or suspected adverse events related to the administration of influenza vaccine to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) www.vaers.hhs.gov. AR 40-562, Immunizations and Chemoprophylaxis, 29 SEP 06, establishes minimum requirements for submission of a VAERS form as: vaccine reactions resulting in hospitalization or time lost from duty (more than 24 hours), or if contaminated lots are suspected (Ref a).

More information about DoD vaccination programs for vaccine recipients and providers is at the MILVAX website at www.vaccines.mil and the VHC website at www.vhcinfo.org. The Military Vaccine Research Directory at http://www.mvrd.org/index.cfm

BACK

What is the Vaccine Healthcare Center (VHC)?

A: The Vaccine Healthcare Centers (VHC) Network supports Warrior Care Emergency Preparedness and Military Readiness of the Department of Defense. It was created to act as a specialized clinical support system for the development and implementation of programs research consultation and services that enhance vaccine safety efficacy and acceptability and case management of vaccine adverse events.

There are four VHC's:

Walter Reed Regional VHC
Walter Reed Army Medical Center
P.O. Box 59605
WashingtonD.C. 20012-0605
Phone: 202-782-0411 DSN: 662-0411
Fax: 202-782-4658/5161

Richard E. Shope Regional VHC
Naval Medical Center Portsmouth
620 John Paul Jones CircleBldg. 1C-107
PortsmouthVirginia 23708-2197
Phone: 757-953-9150 DSN: 377-9150
Fax: 757-953-5887

Fort Bragg Regional VHC
Womack Army Medical Center
Bldg 2-2010 Woodruff Street
Fort BraggNorth Carolina 28310-0001
Phone: 910-432-4015 DSN: 239-4015
Fax: 910-432-4054

Wilford Hall Regional VHC
Wilford Hall Medical Center
2131 Pepperrell StreetBldg. 3350Ste.1
Lackland AFBTX 78236-5314
Phone: 210-292-0482 DSN: 554-0482
Fax: 210-292-0493

This website is listed for questions https://askvhc.wramc.amedd.army.mil/ that DoD recommends people to contact which is fine but if people want to know more about what the VHC does suggest to add this website: http://www.vhcinfo.org/.

BACK

I am in the U.S. Armed Services and I think I have experienced a serious reaction to a vaccine. What should I do?

A: If you are a military service member or dependant (beneficiary) and think you may be experiencing a vaccine-related adverse event, DoD encourages you to call the DoD Clinical Call Center�s 24-hour toll-free number at 1-866-210-6469 or go to the VHC website at https://askvhc.wramc.amedd.army.mil/.

BACK

I am in the Armed Services and am being told that I have to take anthrax vaccines and other vaccines I don�t want to take. What are my rights?

A: DoD policies require compliance with the provisions contained in Joint Air Force, Army, Navy, and Coast Guard publication (AR 40�562, BUMEDINST 6230.15A, AFJI 48�110, CG COMDTINST M6230.4F) update released 29 September 2006. (http://www.vaccines.mil/documents/969r40_562.pdf). Medical and Administrative (Conscientious and Religious) exemption procedures are contained in Chapter 2: Para 2-6.

For more information about your rights with regard to taking anthrax vaccine or other vaccines required by the military, go to NVIC�s Military and Biodefense Vaccine Project at www.military-biodefensevaccines.org Another source of information is the Military Vaccine Resource Directory at http://www.mvrd.org/index.cfm

BACK

Physician Referral

Does NVIC have a list of physicians who are willing to use a vaccination schedule other than the one that is recommended by the state or CDC?

A: NVIC does not maintain lists of physicians or other health care professionals. You may want to consider the following:

Contacting autism groups to ask for recommendations. Some children with autism experienced regression following vaccination and their parents have found physicians who are willing to consider using alternate vaccination schedules as well as address the children�s immune dysfunction with alternative therapies. Autism groups focusing on healing alternatives include:

o Defeat Autism Now (DAN) at http://www.autism.com/
o Unlocking Autism (UA) at www.unlockingautism.org
o Talk About Curing Autism Now (TACA) at http://www.talkaboutcuringautism.org/index.htm
o SafeMinds at www.safeminds.org
o Generation Rescue at http://www.generationrescue.org/
o National Autism Association at www.nationalautismassociation.org
If you are lookingfor a physician or health care professional with an integrative and complimentary health practice that focuses on holistic approaches to maintaining health. Several places to look for referrals:

Holistic Moms Network (HMN) at http://www.holisticmoms.org/?gclid=CJuX_
Mi7jJICFQiHHgodGV3I-A
Families for Conscious Living at http://www.familiesfornaturalliving.org/ONSITE/render.php
Holistic Pediatric Association at http://www.hpakids.org/about.htm
American College for Advancement in Medicine � http://www.acamnet.org/site/c.ltJWJ4MPIwE/b.2071689/k.C9E7/
About_Us.htm
American Holistic Medical Association � http://www.holisticmedicine.org/displaycommon.cfm?an=
1&subarticlenbr=49
The American Association of Naturopathic Physicians � http://www.naturopathic.org
The American Association of Oriental Medicine � http://www.aaaomonline.org
International Chiropractic Pediatric Association (ICPA) at http://www.icpa4kids.com/
National Center for Homeopathy at www.nationalcenterforhomeopathy.org
Association of American Physicians & Surgeons at Surgeons at www.aapsonline.org

BACK

Shaken Baby Syndrome & Child Abuse Charges

What can I do if I have been accused of child abuse or Shaken Baby Syndrome but I believe what happened to my child was a vaccine reaction? Can NVIC intervene on my behalf?

A: Charges of Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) are very serious and can only be handled by a qualified legal counsel. NVIC does not provide legal services or testify in court proceedings. There has been evidence presented in some court cases involving SBS that severe vaccine reactions have led to brain injuries that have been misdiagnosed as SBS. Please search NVIC�s website for information on this topic including http://www.NVIC.org/Doctors-Corner.aspx.

BACK

Travel Vaccines & Visa Requirements

I am planning to travel outside of the United States? What vaccines am I required to take?

A: Travelers to foreign countries should do research and find out what the infectious disease risks are in the countries they will be visiting. The risks of contracting a particular infectious disease and suffering complications versus the risks of getting vaccinated and experiencing a complication have to be weighed in the context of the individual person�s health history and risk profile.

The CDC website at http://wwwn.cdc.gov/travel/ contains information for international travelers, as do several other websites, about which vaccines are recommended for which countries. It is also important to determine which vaccines are required for obtaining various visas, including travel to other countries.

Some countries will allow you entrance without particular vaccines but will not allow you to leave the country and travel to another country without getting certain vaccines. Be sure you understand vaccination requirements for entering and exiting foreign countries, including the U.S.

As with all vaccines, become informed about potential high risk factors when vaccinating by reviewing NVIC�s �Ask Eight, Before You Vaccinate,� reading vaccine manufacturer product inserts and other information you obtain through internet searches and speaking with health care professionals. If you choose to vaccinate, you may want to consider spreading vaccines out over time rather than taking them all in one day.

BACK

Vaccine Injury Compensation Program

What is the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program?

A: The Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP) was created under the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986 (PL-99-660) enacted by Congress to institute vaccine safety reforms in the U.S. mass vaccination system and to create a federal no-fault, non-adversarial alternative to suing vaccine manufacturers and providers in civil court. The law also contained requirements for doctors to (1) give parents vaccine benefit and risk information before vaccination; (2) report serious health problems, injuries, hospitalizations and deaths following vaccination to a centralized federally operated Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS); (3) write down serious health problems following vaccination in the individual�s permanent medical record; and (4) keep a permanent record of vaccinations given, including manufacturer�s names and lots numbers.

The VICP is administered jointly by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the U.S. Court of Federal Claims (the Court), and the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ). The VICP is located in the HRSA Healthcare Systems Bureau. Covered vaccines and compensable injuries are described on the �Vaccine Injury Table." (http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/
downloads/appendices/appdx-full-f.pdf)

Federal vaccine injury compensation awarded under the 1986 law was divided into two parts: (1) compensation for injuries or deaths that occurred before October 1, 1988 (no matter how long ago the injury occurred) for which the injured individual could choose to pursue a lawsuit without restrictions but the claim would have had to have been filed in the VICP by January 31, 1991; and (2) Injuries or deaths occurring after October 1, 1988.

If a vaccine injury or death occurred after October 1, 1988, the injured person is required to apply for federal compensation before pursuing a lawsuit against a vaccine manufacturer or vaccine provider in civil court. If the U.S. Court of Claims awards compensation to the vaccine injured person:

The VICP will offer to pay up to $250,000 for a vaccine associated death.
The VICP will offer to pay for all past and future unreimbursed medical expenses, custodial and nursing home care; and up to $250,000 pain and suffering as well as loss of earned income.
If an individual rejects the award or is denied compensation, a lawsuit may be filed in civil court but with certain restrictions.
Claims must be filed within 24 months of a death and 36 months of an injury.

The Claims Process: An individual claiming a vaccine-related injury or death files a petition for compensation with the Court and may be represented by an attorney. The Secretary of HHS is named as the Respondent. An HHS physician reviews the petition to determine whether it meets the medical and VICP legal criteria for compensation. This recommendation is provided to the Court through a Respondent's report filed by the DOJ.

The HHS position is presented by an attorney from the DOJ in hearings before a "Special Master," who makes the decision for compensation under the VICP. A decision may be appealed to the Court, then to the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals, and eventually to the U.S. Supreme Court. If a case is found eligible for compensation, the amount of the award is usually negotiated between the DOJ and the petitioner's attorneys. If the attorneys can't agree, the case is scheduled for a hearing for the special master to assess the amount of compensation.

Compensable claims, and even most claims found to be non-compensable, are awarded reimbursement for attorney's fees and costs. A petitioner may file a claim in civil court against the vaccine company and/or the vaccine administrator only after first filing a claim under the VICP and then rejecting the decision of the Court. It can take two to 10 years to resolve vaccine injury claims in the VICP.

The VICP is funded by a surcharge on all doses of vaccines recommended by the CDC for �universal use� by all children. Monies from the surcharge are placed in a Trust Fund maintained by the government for use to pay vaccine victims. (By 2009, nearly $2 billion had been awarded to vaccine victims even though two out of three plaintiffs are denied compensation and there was a nearly $3 billion surplus in the VICP Trust Fund).

All suspected vaccine reactions should be reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) operated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Health care providers are required by law to report reactions. If the doctor will not report the reaction, NVIC will provide you with the forms so you can report the reaction.

BACK

Where can I get additional information about the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program?

A: For more information, including information about restrictions that apply to filing a petition, visit the VICP website at http://www.hrsa.gov/vaccinecompensation or phone 1-800-338-2382. For information on the Rules of the Court, including requirements for filing a petition, visit the Court's Website at http://www.uscfc.uscourts.gov/osmPage.htm or phone (202) 357-6400.

BACK

I think I (or my child) was injured by a vaccine and want to file a claim with the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. What do I need to do?

A: In order to file a compensation claim you will likely need to hire an attorney who is experienced in bringing vaccine injury claims under the VICP. The VICP maintains a list of lawyers who have filed VICP claims http://www.hrsa.gov/vaccinecompensation/filing_claim.htm

BACK

My child has been diagnosed with autism and I believe it was due to a vaccine injury and I want to file a claim. What should I do?

A: Currently, there are nearly 5,000 pending cases of regressive autism following vaccination that have been filed in the VICP. The cases are being handled in a group referred to as �Omnibus Hearings.� In the past, the program has awarded compensation to children who suffered a brain inflammation/encephalopathy after receiving DPT or DTaP vaccine and suffered permanent brain damage, including autism.

To file a claim, parents will likely need to contact an attorney experienced in filing vaccine injury claims under the VICP in the U.S. Court of Claims. There is a statute of limitations on the amount of time that can pass between vaccination, onset of injury and filing a claim.

For more information about the VICP please see http://www.NVIC.org/injury-compensation.aspx and http://www.hrsa.gov/vaccinecompensation.

The VICP maintains a list of lawyers who have filed VICP claims: http://www.hrsa.gov/vaccinecompensation/filing_claim.htm

Children with autism have educational, behavior and medical challenges that may be modified or eliminated with individualized interventions. It is important to consult qualified health care professionals familiar with regressive autism and vaccines. Autism groups providing information about regressive autism include:

o Defeat Autism Now (DAN) at http://www.autism.com/
o Unlocking Autism (UA) at www.unlockingautism.org
o Talk About Curing Autism Now (TACA) at http://www.talkaboutcuringautism.org/index.htm
o SafeMinds at www.safeminds.org
o Generation Rescue at http://www.generationrescue.org/
o National Autism Association at www.nationalautismassociation.org

You may want to post your child's story of regression after vaccination at the International Memorial for Vaccine Victims website http://www.VaccineMemorial.org. Your son�s story is very important and can help others learn more about vaccine reactions.

BACK

I need to find a lawyer to represent me or my child in the federal Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP). What can you tell me about the quality and experience of the law firms listed on NVIC�s website?

A: The Lawyer Referral Liston NVIC�s website is comprised of law firms that complete a questionnaire describing their experience regarding vaccine-related litigation. NVIC does not take responsibility for the accuracy of the information nor the quality of the law firm�s work.

Another place to identify an attorney is to contact the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP) which maintains a list of lawyers who file VICP claims http://www.hrsa.gov/vaccinecompensation/filing_claim.htm.

BACK

I have tried to find an attorney to represent me or my child in the federal Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP) and can�t. Is there some place else that I can go to find an attorney to help me?

A: If you are unsuccessful finding an attorney to represent you, you could try the pro bono clinic at George Washington University � please note that students serve as the attorney (with supervision) http://www.law.gwu.edu/Academics/EL/clinics/Pages/Vaccine.aspx

Another place to identify an attorney is to contact the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP) which maintains a list of lawyers who file VICP claims http://www.hrsa.gov/vaccinecompensation/filing_claim.htm

BACK

Vaccines & Infectious Diseases

Have specific reactions been associated with specific vaccines?

A: Every vaccine carries risks that can be greater for some than others. Some vaccines have side effects and signs and symptoms which occur more often with that vaccine than other vaccines.

Following are signs and symptoms of a mild to severe vaccine reaction:

Rash, hives or severe itching
Swelling, redness and pain at the injection site
High fever over 103F
Difficulty breathing or wheezing
Rapid heart beat or chest pain
Dizziness or sudden collapse/fainting
Paleness or changes in skin or lip color
Muscle weakness or limpness
Excessive sleepiness or lack of responsiveness
Loss of vision or speech
Nausea and vomiting
Severe diarrhea
Unusual irritability or other behavior changes
Prolonged crying (especially high-pitched screaming in infants)
Seizures or convulsions (shaking, twitching, jerking)
Joint and body pain
Head pain
Excessive bruising under the skin
Numbness or tingling in hands, arms, feet
Paralysis

If you observe any of these symptoms � or any other symptom that causes you concern � get medical help right away.

If your child experiences serious health problems following vaccination, ask your doctor to report it to federal health authorities. Your doctor is required by law to report adverse reactions to vaccination within 30 days of vaccination. You may also report serious health problems following vaccination to the government yourself.

Your doctor, nurse or health department can report a serious health problem following vaccination by filling out of form with the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). You can also file a vaccine adverse event report yourself at www.vaers.hhs.gov or by calling 1-800-822-7967.

You may also make a report to NVIC�s Vaccine Reaction Registry, operated since 1982 at https://www.NVIC.org/vaers.aspx

NVIC hosts MedAlerts, the service that allows the public to easily search the federal Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) database. The instructions for searching VAERS database are provided at http://www.medalerts.org.

If you, as a parent, are concerned that continuing vaccination would harm your child and a doctor is insisting more vaccines be given without your voluntary consent, you should contact another trusted health care professional for a second opinion. If your child has experienced health deterioration after previous vaccinations, it is important listen to your intuition and be totally comfortable with a vaccination decision for your child before proceeding with more vaccination.

BACK

I�m trying to get a list that identifies the adverse reaction rates of all the childhood vaccines. In other words, which vaccines have the highest rate of adverse reactions?

A: Although this information should be available, it either does not exist or is not available to the public. Theoretically, it should be possible to calculate for each vaccine how many adverse reactions are reported to the federal Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) every year. However, we know that only between one and 10 percent of reactions are ever reported even though there has been a federal law in place since 1986 that requires serious health problems following vaccination to be reported to the government.

Even if all the vaccine-related adverse health events were reported, it wouldn�t necessarily mean that every adverse health event that has been reported to VAERS after vaccination has been solely caused by the vaccine(s) recently given. Another complicating factor is that, today, children tend to get many different vaccines simultaneously at every office visit. As a result, it is often difficult to attach a specific health problem following vaccination to a specific vaccine.

Another major limitation to evaluating �adverse reaction rates� is that �rates� can be computed by dividing the numerator (number of adverse reactions) by the denominator (number of vaccines given). There isn�t a valid publicly available source of data regarding the numbers of doses of each vaccine and numbers of children who receive doses of each vaccine annually in the U.S.

Other than the VAERS database, information on adverse reaction rates must come from large, prospective studies that are conducted over a long period of time to evaluate the health outcomes of children who receive multiple vaccines from birth. An ideal clinical trial would compare the health of those children who receive many vaccines to those who receiver far fewer and no vaccines. No such clinical trial has ever been conducted.

BACK

Which vaccines are safe to give?

A: Like every prescription medication, every vaccine carries a risk of injury or death that can be greater for some than others. Every vaccine recommended for use by government and doctors has been associated with hospitalizations, injuries and deaths. Whether or not you or your child suffers a vaccine reaction will depend upon the vaccine(s) given and the various genetic, biological and other high risk co-factors that may be known and unknown at the time of vaccination.

There is no guarantee that a particular vaccine will be safe to give to a particular individual and will not result in permanent injury or death. For some, there may be little or no risk when getting vaccinated and, for others, the risks are 100 percent.

If you, as a parent, are concerned that continuing vaccination would harm your child and a doctor is insisting more vaccines be given without your voluntary consent, you should contact another trusted health care professional for a second opinion. If your child has experienced health deterioration after previous vaccinations, it is important listen to your intuition and be totally comfortable with a vaccination decision for your child before proceeding with more vaccination.

BACK

Which vaccines does NVIC recommend?

A: NVIC does not give medical advice or make specific recommendations about which vaccines should be given, when or to whom.

A vaccination decision should be made after becoming fully informed about the benefits and risks of infectious diseases and vaccines and after considering an individual�s personal and family medical history, contraindications to vaccination, and consultation with one or more trusted health care professionals.

NVIC�s website at www.NVIC.org contains information to help make informed vaccine choices. There are many other websites, books, news reports, films and other sources of information as well.

BACK

Does my newborn need the Hepatitis B vaccine in the hospital?

A: Unless the mother is positive for Hepatitis B or there are other risk factors (such as the need for frequent blood transfusions), hepatitis B is not a disease commonly encountered by infants. Hepatitis B is primarily transmitted by IV drug users and those with multiple sexual partners.

Hepatitis B vaccine is routinely given to infants in the newborn nursery of hospitals at between two hours and 12 hours of age. If you do not want your infant to be injected with hepatitis B vaccine at birth, it is important to make that notation on the written forms that are signed by mothers upon entering the hospital to give birth.

An additional precaution is taken by some mothers by having the baby�s father or another family member accompany the newborn at all times during the first 24 hours when the baby is not with the mother. Unfortunately, there are cases where medical personnel disregard the written instructions and administer the hepatitis B vaccine to newborns despite written and verbal instructions by the parents to defer the hepatitis B vaccination until a later date.

BACK

I�ve heard that vaccines do not produce �immunity.� Is this true?

A: Vaccines provide temporary immunity and sometimes vaccines fail to provide even temporary immunity for some individuals. Because vaccination does not exactly mimic the immunity produced after natural infection, which is often longer-lasting or permanent, booster doses of vaccines are often required to extend vaccine-induced immunity.

BACK

Now that the diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine has been switched from DTP (pertussis whole cell form) to DTaP (pertussis acellular form), is the vaccine safe?

A: In 1996, it was recommended that vaccine be switched from use of whole-cell pertussis (DTP) to acellular pertussis (DTaP).

Whole cell DPT vaccine is a relatively crude vaccine that contains B. pertussis bacteria chemically and heat treated. Acellular DTaP contains less endotoxin and less bioactive pertussis toxin. Both DPT and DTaP contain aluminum adjuvants.

Pertussis toxin is an extremely lethal toxin capable of crossing the blood brain barrier and it is used by researchers in laboratories to deliberately induce Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAS) in lab animals. Pertussis toxin is an ingredient in whole cell DPT vaccine and the acellular DTaP vaccine but it is less bioactive in DTaP.

Whole-cell DPT contains B. pertussis bacteria heat and chemically treated as well as significant amounts of endotoxin (capable of killing animals and humans on its own). There is less endotoxin in DTaP, however both DPT and DTaP contain aluminum adjuvants. Aluminum can kill brain cells and make the blood brain barrier more permeable.

Even though the acellular DTaP vaccine is believed to be less reactive than the whole cell DPT vaccine, NVIC still receives reports of serious reactions following DTaP vaccination that are consistent with symptoms and injuries known to be associated with DPT vaccine, including high pitched screaming, fever over 103F, collapse/shock (hypotonic/hyporesponsive episode), convulsions, and encephalopathy.

Infants and children, who have demonstrated one or more of these symptoms following DTAP vaccination (or any other vaccination), should be carefully evaluated by one or more health care professionals before more DTaP or other vaccines are given. If you, as a parent, are concerned that continuing vaccination would harm your child and a doctor is insisting more vaccines be given without your voluntary consent, you should contact another trusted health care professional for a second opinion. If your child has experienced health deterioration after previous vaccinations, it is important listen to your intuition and become totally comfortable before proceeding with more vaccination.

BACK

What is the difference between DTP, DTaP and Tdap?

A: DPT vaccine is a combination of three inactivated bacterial vaccines: diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus. There are many different forms and combinations of these vaccines licensed for use in the United States http://www.fda.gov/cber/vaccine/licvacc.htm. Some versions of the vaccine are only appropriate for adults and adolescents (Tdap, Td and TT). Various versions of the vaccine for infants and young children include DPT (whole cell pertussis), which is no longer used in the U.S.; DTaP (acellular pertussis) which was licensed in 1996 for babies; and DT (diphtheria, tetanus).

BACK

Where can I get split-up, single dose DTaP vaccine for my baby or preschooler or split-up single dose Tdap for my adolescent?

A: The �P� part of the combination DPT or DTaP vaccine is the vaccine which is associated with the most cases of brain inflammation and permanent brain damage. Infants who cannot have the �P� or pertussis (whooping cough) portion of the vaccine are generally given the DT vaccine.

Your child�s pediatrician or health department should be able to obtain the DT vaccine if your child has had a previous reaction after receiving DPT or DTaP vaccine. Separate doses of the three vaccines for children are not available any longer in the U.S.. For children, the only combinations are DT, DTaP or Tdap.

BACK

Where can I get split-up, single dose MMR vaccine for my baby or preschooler?

The MMR shot contains three live virus vaccines (Measles-Mumps-Rubella). Some parents want to administer the three vaccines separately and space them out. However, the separate measles, mumps and rubella vaccines are no longer available in the U.S. because the manufacturer has stopped marketing the separate vaccines. If state laws require only two doses of rubella vaccine but three doses of measles vaccine, the only option is for a child to get three doses of MMR.

BACK

Is it true that a baby�s immune system at birth can handle 10,000 vaccines at a time?

A: This statement has not been backed up by scientific studies. To our knowledge, there is no scientific evidence that a baby�s immune system is fully developed at birth and/or can safely handle any particular number of vaccines, let alone 10,000 vaccines at once.

Large, prospective long term studies evaluating the health of infants and children given 69 doses of 16 vaccines from birth to age 18, which is the current federal recommendation, have never been conducted. There have never been studies to evaluate whether babies with a personal or family history or allergy and autoimmune disorders may be at higher risk than others for complications from use of multiple vaccines throughout childhood. There have never been large studies comparing the health of highly vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals to compare for all health outcomes and changes in immune and brain function over time.

When statements are made that contradict common sense, such as the idea that a small infant can handle 10,000 vaccines at once, it is important to check out the potential ideological biases and conflicts of interest associated with individuals making such statements.

BACK

Our doctor said my wife had no antibodies to rubella and recommended that she get the MMR after our child was born. About a week after she got the vaccine, she broke out in a rash, had a fever, and all her joints were stiff and painful. Could this be a reaction to the vaccine? My wife is nursing, was my child exposed to this vaccine?

A: The symptoms you have reported have been associated with adverse reactions to the MMR. The MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) vaccine contains three attenuated live virus vaccines and a nursing infant would be exposed to the live viruses in the vaccine through the breast milk. All live virus vaccines can transmit vaccine strain virus through breast milk and other bodily fluids, such as waste products. There have been documented cases of vaccine strain chickenpox transmitted from a recently vaccinated child to other children and to pregnant women. The live oral polio vaccine (OPV) recommended for use in the U.S until 1999 could transmit vaccine strain polio virus and cause paralytic polio in vaccine recipients or those who came into contact with

My neighbor�s children were vaccinated for chickenpox (varicella zoster) and one developed chickenpox lesions. Can my child get chickenpox from the vaccine or from children who have been recently vaccinated?

A: Yes, about 4 to 10 percent of children who have been recently vaccinated have developed a rash with chickenpox lesions within 7 to 21 days after vaccination. It is thought that children who develop lesions after getting varicella zoster vaccine are contagious and can transmit varicella zoster vaccine strain chickenpox to others.

A few studies have documented transmission of vaccine-strain chickenpox from a recently vaccinated person to non-vaccinated children who then developed chickenpox lesions. Specifically, a study showed that five months after two siblings were immunized with varicella zoster vaccine, one developed chickenpox. Two weeks later the second sibling got a mild case of chickenpox and the virus was found to be vaccine-type, which gave evidence for transmission of vaccine strain chickenpox from sibling to sibling. Another study described transmission of vaccine strain chickenpox from a recently vaccinated mother to her two children.

BACK

My child is immune-compromised and has not had the chickenpox vaccine. Should he be vaccinated? What should I do if he is exposed to chickenpox?

A: This is a question that needs to be discussed with one or more qualified health care providers. Although the CDC recommends that immunocompromised persons get chickenpox vaccine, it is a live virus vaccine and the risks and benefits as well as timing of vaccination need to be carefully considered.

NVIC has been informed by some parents that the anti-viral drug Acyclovir has been prescribed by their child�s physician to treat chickenpox. Other parents have indicated that their child�s physician prescribed hyper-immune gamma globulin http://www.fda.gov/Cber/label/mphvzig0400LB.pdf.

BACK

Is it true that children can get polio from the polio vaccine?

A: Yes, some children who get the oral (by mouth) live polio vaccine (OPV) have developed cases of vaccine-strain paralytic polio. Outbreaks of vaccine-strain polio have been documented in India, Indonesia and Nigeria.

In 1999, the U.S. stopped using the live oral polio vaccine (OPV) and switched to the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), which is injected. NVIC is not aware of any cases of vaccine-strain polio associated with use of the inactivated polio vaccine.

BACK
.
Is it true that monkey viruses contaminated polio vaccines?

A: Yes, SV40 (the 40th simian virus to be identified in polio vaccines) did contaminate both early inactivated Salk vaccine and live oral polio (Sabin) vaccines made using monkey kidney tissues. Original OPV seed stocks were contaminated with SV40. Today, SV40 has been identified in brain, bone and lung tumors affecting children and adults. There is ongoing controversy about the association between SV40 contaminated polio vaccines and increases in brain, bone and lung cancer in children.

BACK

After his four-year boosters, my son developed chronic strep infections, skin infections, swollen lymph nodes all over his body, multiple food allergies and general fever and lethargy. His chronic eczema started at two-months followed by recurring ear infections and food allergies. He is fully vaccinated. His doctor checked his antibody titers and he has no titers for the pneumococcal vaccine. He is recommending that my son be re-vaccinated with the pneumococcal vaccine. I�m concerned about doing this in that it may further compromise his immune system. What do you think?

A: A certain number of people who are vaccinated will not develop antibodies to one or more vaccines no matter how many times they are vaccinated. We are not aware of evidence showing that additional vaccines given at this point will produce positive antibody titers. The fact that he does not have titers to the pneumococcal vaccine after being repeatedly vaccinated with the pneumococcal vaccine and his history of chronic infection, multiple allergies and eczema may indicate that he is suffering from chronic immune dysfunction.

You may want to consider getting a second opinion from an immunologist or other qualified health care professional before proceeding with more vaccination. Re-vaccinating in the face of health deterioration after previous vaccinations or vaccinating when sick can result in permanent health damage, depending upon the individual.

Read NVIC�s �Ask Eight, Before You Vaccinate�series of questions on the homepage of www.NVIC.org

NVIC encourages you to continue to read and educate yourself while seeking additional medical opinions. Only make fully informed medical decisions when you are ready and believe your decision is what is best for your child. Finding a doctor who is willing to help you and respect your informed vaccination decisions is very important.

If you, as a parent, are concerned that continuing vaccination would harm your child and a doctor is insisting more vaccines be given without your voluntary consent, you should contact another trusted health care professional for a second opinion. If your child has experienced health deterioration after previous vaccinations, it is important listen to your intuition and be totally comfortable with a vaccination decision for your child before proceeding with more vaccination.

BACK

I�m interested in getting the smallpox vaccine. Where can I get it and are there any issues that I should be concerned about?

A: Smallpox vaccine is not routinely administered in the U.S. to civilians. You should contact your physician or local health department. After September 11, 200, there were concerns about a bioterrorism attack using weaponized smallpox virus. Federal officials made tentative plans to extend stored smallpox vaccine supplies and offer smallpox vaccinations to all Americans. NVIC prepared information to educate the public about smallpox and smallpox vaccine (see http://www.NVIC.org/Vaccines-and-Diseases/Smallpox.aspx). Federal plans to use old smallpox vaccine supplies were eventually scrapped and new smallpox vaccines are being developed under Bioshield legislation passed since 9/11.

BACK

Vaccination Schedules

Where can I get good information about vaccines so that I can make decisions for myself and family?

A: If you are asking these questions, you are on the right track. NVIC encourages all health care consumers to do their own research and engage in fully informed decision-making whenever considering a medical intervention or use of pharmaceutical products, including vaccines.

As for information sources, there is a large amount of information on NVIC�s website www.NVIC.org, including a list of websites, books, videos and other information on infectious diseases and vaccines. It is important to review information from many different perspectives, including visiting government-operated websites (www.cdc.gov) and vaccine-promoting organizations and pharmaceutical company websites (www.immunize.org) to fully understand all views about vaccine safety and effectiveness.

The key is to learn about the benefits and complications of both infectious diseases and vaccines and, after consultation with one or more trusted health care professionals and in consideration of vaccine contraindications and your child�s personal and family medical histories, decide which course of action is most appropriate.

BACK

If I don�t want to follow the CDC recommended vaccination schedule, what schedule does NVIC recommend?

A: NVIC does not recommend use (or non-use) of any particular vaccination schedule. NVIC does not give medical or legal advice.

Parents, who have concerns about the administration of multiple vaccines to children on a single day but still want to vaccinate can become informed and choose an alternative schedule. Some parents decide which vaccines they want their children to have and then figure out when they want their child to receive certain vaccines.

Some parents decide to give only one vaccine at a time and lengthen the time between giving vaccines from two to four or more months. Others decide to get their children tested for antibody titers to see if they need additional vaccines to achieve antibody levels that are considered to be indicative of "being immune."

There are a number of books and Internet sites that recommend various alternate vaccination schedules. NVIC does not monitor or comment on the safety or efficacy of particular vaccination schedules.

BACK

I don�t want to give vaccines so close together. What is the minimum time interval between vaccinations?

A: There are some vaccines which should not be given together and there are recommended minimum time periods for intervals between vaccinations. For each of the vaccines, you can consult the CDC�s recommended schedule and the manufacturer product inserts to learn about official recommendations for time periods between vaccinations.

Some people choose to wait for two to four months or more between vaccinations. Using all available information and/or working with a trusted health care professional, you may want to develop a tailored vaccination schedule that you are comfortable using.

BACK

I�ve heard that vaccines do not produce �immunity.� Is this true?

I�m interested in getting the smallpox vaccine. Where can I get it and are there any issues that I should be concerned about?

Miscellaneous/Other

What does NVIC recommend regarding use of Vitamin K shots at birth?

A: NVIC focuses on vaccines and does not have a position on use of Vitamin K.

BACK

My employer is requesting that I undergo a TB (tuberculosis) test and I do not want to do this. What are my options?

A: Because the TB test isn't a vaccine, per se, this concern is something that we do not routinely address. We are aware, however, that some employers and educational institutions will accept negative chest x-ray tests as evidence of TB status. Additionally, some states such as New Jersey have exemption forms specifically for TB testing concerns.

BACK

Should I be concerned about my pet�s vaccines?

A: NVIC focuses on vaccines intended for use in humans but is researching and developing information on pet vaccines. NVIC has been contacted by veterinarians who have stated that the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) is recommending that veterinarians give fewer vaccines less often than in the past because of the potential for causing immune related diseases in animals. The AVMA is also recommending that veterinarians treat animals individually.

BACK

Hendersonville and HVAN

Quick Vaccine Facts

The Research Room

Articles and Media

Forms and Laws

Links to Websites